Peste = Highly contagious Des = Of Petitis = Small Ruminants Synonymous: KATA (City of West Africa, first discovered1942), Goat plague On the basis of Semiology (Study of sign & symptoms): Stomatitis pneumoentritis On the basis of Appearance: Sleepy Goat Syndrome
Etiology:
It is a viral disease.
Family--------------Paramyxoviridae Genus---------------Morbillivirus Species--------------PPR virus RP cattle plague (Large ruminants) CD Canine plague (Canines) Measles Humans
PPR virus has 4 strains. PPRV1, PPRV2, PPRV3 & PPRV4
Epidemiology:
PPRV1 & PPRV2 is prevalent in West Africa. PPRV3 in Southern India & Saudi Arabia. PPRV4 in Middle East, Nepal & Subcontinent In Pakistan & India discovered in 1990, In china 2007 while 2008 in Morocco It is trans-boundary disease Case Fatality: Goats (50-90% morbidity) are more prevalent than sheep (10% morbidity). In camels, 1995 in Ethiopia, reported once but never reported before & after that case. Mostly in animals of age between 4 months to 1 year
Transmission:
Direct contact Indirect contact fomites, water trough Virus is mostly shed in; o Feaces o Nasal Discharge o Saliva o Nasal Discharge Incubation period = 3-6 days
Pathogenesis/ Pathophysiology:
Virus acts on Retropharyngeal Lymph nodes & Lymphocytes then viremia develops & signs will be observed.
Semiology:
Coughing Fever (104 ºF -106ºF) After 1-2 days of fever, Necrotic Lesions in oral cavity can be seen which leads to Diphtheretic Plague. (Which is ultimately Stomatitis) After 3-4 days of 1st sign, diarrhea develops Dullness Anorexia due to stomatitis Watery discharge from nostrils & eyes at the onset but as the disease prolongs the discharge become mucopurulent due to which matting of eyes occurs Dehydration Leucopenia & Lymphopenia Dyspnea
Necrotic Findings:
Dehydration due to diarrhea Mucopurulent fluid in Trachea
Congestion of Lungs Hemorrhages in Intestine
Diagnosis:
Semiology Lab tests i.e VNT (Virus Neutralization Test), ELISA, CFT (Compliment Fixation Test)
Differential Diagnosis:
Pneumonic Pasteurellosis (Most prevalent in Pakistan) Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) Coccidiosis (Diarrhea, Dysentery) Contagious Eczema
Treatment:
Fluid Therapy (In case of severe diarrhea) Antibiotics (To avoid secondary Infection) o Broad spectrum with more Gram -ve than Gram +ve Soothing effect of oral cavity o Boric acid & Glycerin with 1:2 o Pasted in oral cavity If Mucopurulent Discharge o Nebulizing o To clear nasal passage
Public Health:
It is not zoonotic disease
Control:
Vaccination at 4 month to 1 year of age (Recombinant Vaccine of PPR) Isolation of diseased anima
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